書籍名 |
磁気共鳴スペクトルの医学応用 ―MRSの基礎から臨床まで― |
出版社 |
インナービジョン
|
発行日 |
2012-03-16 |
著者 |
- 成瀬昭二(監著)
- 梅田雅宏(編著)
- 原田雅史(編著)
- 田中忠蔵(編著)
|
ISBN |
9784902131222 |
ページ数 |
304 |
版刷巻号 |
|
分野 |
|
閲覧制限 |
未契約 |
生体の代謝物質情報を非侵襲的に得ることができる MRS(MR spectroscopy)。高磁場装置の普及や技術革新を機に、改めてMRSへの期待が高まるいま、基礎から臨床までをわかりやすく解説します。MRSの発展と普及は本書から。
目次
- 表紙
- 序
- 巻頭カラー口絵
- 目次
- 略語一覧表(本文中は略語のみ記載)
- 概論
- 第1章 MRSの基礎
- 1-1 MRSの原理
- 1. はじめに
- 2. NMR信号の周波数
- 3. 原子核の磁化と励起
- 4. 磁化の緩和
- 5. 緩和過程
- 6. 化学シフトと共鳴周波数の広がり
- 7. スピン-スピン結合
- 8. スピンエコー(SE)法におけるスピン-スピン結合の影響(J変調)
- 9. デカップリング
- 10. 核オーバーハウザー効果(NOE)
- 11. NMR信号とフーリエ変換
- 12. MRSの二次元および三次元への展開
- 1-2 NMRスペクトルから得られる情報
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 化学シフトとスピン-スピン結合によるピークの分裂
- 3. ピーク面積と生体濃度計測
- 4. NMRで見えるものと見えないもの
- 5. 緩和時間の計測法とその注意点
- 6. 化学交換におけるピークのシフトと酵素反応速度の計測
- 7. 代謝物の拡散速度の計測
- 1-3 NMR/MRSのハードウエア
- 1. はじめに
- 2. システムの構成
- 3. 静磁場磁石
- 1) 超電導コイル
- 2) クライオスタット
- 3) クエンチ
- 4) 磁気シールド
- 5) シミング
- 4. 傾斜磁場系
- 1) グラディエントコイル
- 2) アクティブシールドグラディエントコイル
- 3) 傾斜磁場電源
- 4) 渦電流(eddy current)
- 5) 渦電流の電流補償
- 6) 傾斜磁場歪みの補償
- 7) 音響ノイズ
- 8) 傾斜磁場による神経刺激
- 5. 静磁場強度の選択
- 1) SNR
- 2) T1値,T2値,T2*値
- 3) 化学シフト
- 4) SAR
- 6. RF送受信系
- 7. RF送信・受信コイル
- 1) RFコイルのQ値
- 2) 静磁場の方向と検出RF磁場の関係
- 3) RF送信コイル
- 4) RF受信コイル
- 5) マルチプルRFコイル(フェイズドアレイコイル)
- 8. 制御系・コンピュータ
- 1) UI制御・画像処理部
- 2) 計測制御・信号処理部
- 1-4 より良いスペクトルを計測するために
- 1. はじめに
- 2. コイルの選択-ボリュームコイルとサーフェイスコイル
- 3. チューニングとマッチング
- 4. 対象の磁場中心への設定
- 5. 位相画像とT2*画像による磁場均一度の確認
- 6. シム調整と磁化率アーチファクト
- 7. ヒトの脳の計測
- 8. 渦電流とそのチェック方法
- 9. パラメータの設定
- 10. 納入時における調整と日常点検
- 1) 納入時点での超電導シム調整と鉄シム調整
- 2) 日常点検
- 1-5 MRSデータ処理
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 一般的なデータ処理プログラムとその特徴
- 3. データ点数と分解能
- 4. フィルタ処理とノイズ抑制
- 5. ピークの位相補正
- 6. ベースライン補正
- 7. ピークの位置補正
- 8. ピークの積分
- 9. 波形分離プログラムの利用について
- 1-6 局在MRSの方法
- 1. 局在化の原理
- 1) 送信コイルと受信コイルにより作り出されるB1分布
- 2) スライス選択,多重選択励起法
- 3) エンコードによる空間的な位置情報の付加
- 2. 局在化の技術
- 1) DRESS法
- 2) ISIS法
- 3) STEAM法
- 4) PRESS法
- 3. 局在化精度向上の技術
- 1) Outer volume suppression(OVS)
- 2) Spatial SAT
- 1-7 MRSデータ発表の留意点
- 1. 実験条件表記の指針
- 2. 測定装置について
- 3. 測定条件
- 4. データ処理
- 5. データの表示
- 6. スペクトルの定量
- 7. おわりに
- 1-8 MRSに必要な代謝知識
- 1. はじめに
- 2. NAA
- 3. 1H-MRSで検出できるその他の化合物
- 4. 31P-MRS
- 5. 1H,31P以外のMRS
- 6. CSI
- 第2章 動物実験におけるMRS
- 2-1 脳疾患モデルの実験MRS
- 1. 脳梗塞
- 1) 動物実験モデル
- 2) 1H-MRS
- 3) 31P-MRS
- 4) 13C-MRS
- 5) 23Na-MRS
- 2. てんかんモデル
- 3. 脳腫瘍
- 4. 19F-MRS
- 2-2 腫瘍の実験MRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. In vitro測定法
- 3. In vivo測定法
- 1) 31P-MRS
- 2) 1H-MRS
- 3) 13C-MRS
- 4) 19F-MRS
- 5) 23Na-MRS
- 6) 温度測定
- 4. おわりに
- 2-3 筋肉の実験MRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 31P-パルス磁場勾配NMR法を用いた筋肉細胞内分子の拡散研究
- 1) 拡散係数の測定
- 2) ATPおよびPCrの拡散係数
- 3) 拡散距離
- 4) ATPおよびPCrの拡散距離
- 5) クレアチンリン酸シャトル説
- 3. 31P-飽和移動NMR法を用いたcreatine kinase反応の研究
- 1) 31P-飽和移動NMR法
- 2) Creatine kinase遺伝子とその発現
- 3) Creatine kinaseノックアウトマウス
- 4. おわりに
- 2-4 肝臓・心臓の実験MRS
- 1. 肝臓・心臓の実験MRSの意義と特殊性
- 2. 肝臓のMRS
- 1) 31P-MRS
- 2) 13C-MRS
- 3) 1H-MRS
- 4) その他のMRS
- 3. 心臓のMRS
- 4. おわりに
- 2-5 実験MRSのための周辺技術-臓器灌流法と灌流臓器の生理学モニタ
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 臓器灌流法
- 1) 動脈へのカニュレーション
- 2) NMR試料管
- 3) 灌流チューブ
- 4) 灌流駆動系(灌流ポンプ,恒温槽,気泡除去器)
- 5) 灌流液の切替
- 6) 灌流液の調整
- 3. 生理機能モニタ
- 1) 酸素消費測定
- 2) 灌流圧測定
- 3) 水分泌速度の測定
- 4) その他
- 4. 今後の可能性
- 2-6 実験MRSのための周辺技術-動物の設定および生理学モニタ
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 動物の選択
- 3. 薬品について
- 1) 薬品の取り扱い
- 2) 麻酔薬の種類と特徴
- 3) 麻酔深度の判定および管理
- 4. 薬剤の投与
- 5. 動物の固定
- 6. 生理学情報のモニタリング
- 7. 実験手技
- 8. 動物実験開始の前に
- 2-7 動物実験用MRI
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 動物実験用MRI装置とは
- 3. RFコイルの選択と特性
- 4. 動物実験MRイメージングの実際
- 5. 定量的イメージングの特徴と利用法
- 1) ボリュームメトリー
- 2) T1・T2定量マップ
- 3) ADCの定量
- 4) 微小循環(perfusion)の定量
- 6. コントラスト修飾と機能イメージング
- 1) 組織抑制法
- 2) 微小循環(perfusion)
- 3) 血管撮影法
- 4) BOLD法
- 5) MTC
- 7. 造影剤とナノ粒子プローブ
- 1) Gd造影剤とキレート構造を利用した機能性造影剤
- 2) マンガン(Mn)造影剤
- 3) 酸化鉄微粒子
- 4) その他の機能性造影剤
- 5) ナノキャリアとtheranostics
- 8. おわりに
- 第3章 MRSの臨床応用
- 3-1 MRSの臨床応用の現状と問題点
- 1. NMRから臨床MRSへの道のり
- 2. 臨床用MRI装置におけるMRS測定の現状
- 3. MRSデータの定量値と濃度の算出について
- 4. 頭部以外へのMRSの最近の応用について
- 5. 臨床MRSの課題と今後の動向
- 3-2 脳のMRS
- 3-2-1 正常脳
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 1H-MRS
- 3. 31P-MRS
- 1) 31P-MRSの短所
- 2) 31P-MRSの特徴
- 3) 年齢変化
- 4) 31P-MRSの虚血性変化
- 4. その他のMRS
- 3-2-2 脳腫瘍
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 脳腫瘍の悪性度診断
- 3. 髄膜腫
- 4. 転移性腫瘍
- 5. 転移性脳腫瘍スペクトルのピットフォール
- 6. 悪性リンパ腫
- 7. 放射線壊死
- 8. おわりに
- 3-2-3 脳の感染性・炎症性疾患-脳膿瘍を中心にして
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 脳膿瘍のMRI診断とMRS
- 3. その他の感染性疾患のMRI診断とMRS
- 1) ヘルペス脳炎
- 2) 脳結核
- 3) HIV脳症
- 4) 亜急性硬化性全脳炎(SSPE)
- 3-2-4 虚血性脳血管障害
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 脳虚血の病態と機能診断
- 3. NAAの代謝動態と虚血時における変化
- 4. 測定の実際と病態の解釈
- 1) 測定条件・評価
- 2) 急性期脳虚血のMRS所見と病態
- 5. おわりに
- 3-2-5 脱髄・変性疾患
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 多発性硬化症
- 3. 白質ジストロフィー症
- 4. ミトコンドリア異常症
- 5. パーキンソン病
- 6. ハンチントン舞踏病の1H-MRSによる検討
- 7. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症
- 8. 脊髄小脳変性症
- 1) 多系統萎縮症(MSA)
- 2) 歯状核赤核淡蒼球ルイ体萎縮症(DRPLA)
- 9. おわりに
- 3-2-6 小児脳,発達
- 1. 総論
- 1) 小児 1H-MRSで観察されるスペクトルとその意義
- 2) 1H-MRSの評価
- 3) 年齢による1H-MRSの変化
- 4) 部位による1H-MRSの差異
- 2. 1H-MRSの臨床応用:各論
- 1) 疾患特異的な1H-MRS所見
- 2) 病態に則した1H-MRS所見
- 3-2-7 加齢,認知症
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 加齢による変化
- 3. アルツハイマー病(AD)
- 4. 軽度認知機能障害(MCI)
- 5. その他の認知症
- 6. 認知症診断におけるMRSの位置づけ
- 3-3 心臓のMRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 心臓MRSの測定方法
- 3. 心筋エネルギー代謝機構
- 4. 心臓MRSで用いる核種
- 5. 臨床応用
- 6. 将来に向けて
- 3-4 肝臓のMRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 肝臓の31P-MRSについて
- 1) 肝臓の役割について
- 2) 31P-MRSについて
- 3) 代謝物質について
- 3. 肝臓31P-MRSの技術
- 1) コイル
- 2) スカウト画像と関心領域の設定
- 3) 信号の局在化
- 4) 信号収集
- 5) 信号処理と信号の評価
- 4. プロトンデカップリングと核オーバーハウザー効果(NOE)
- 1) カップリングとデカップリング
- 2) 核オーバーハウザー効果(NOE)
- 3) スペクトルへの効果と注意点
- 5. 正常肝, 疾患での31P-MRスペクトル
- 1) 代謝物質の濃度の変動について
- 2) 正常肝
- 3) 局在性肝悪性腫瘍
- 4) びまん性肝疾患
- 5) 肝移植
- 6. おわりに
- 3-5 骨格筋のMRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 骨格筋の31P-MRS
- 1) 31P-MRSについて
- 2) ヒト骨格筋を対象とした31P-MRSの活用例
- 3. 骨格筋の1H-MRS
- 1) 1H-MRSについて
- 2) ヒト骨格筋を対象とした1H-MRSの活用例
- 4. 骨格筋の13C-MRS
- 5. おわりに
- 3-6 前立腺の1H-MRS
- 1. 前立腺がんについて
- 2. 前立腺の解剖と代謝,がん病巣における変化
- 3. 測定シーケンスと測定条件
- 4. 受信コイルについて
- 5. 信号評価法
- 6. 3T装置における測定と評価について
- 7. 前立腺がんのMRS診断能
- 1) 辺縁域がんの検出能
- 2) 辺縁域がん検出に関する多施設共同研究について
- 3) 移行域がんの検出能
- 4) 他の撮像法と1H-MRSの比較・組み合わせによる検出について
- 5) 再生検症例における検出能
- 6) 前立腺がん治療のモニタリング
- 7) 前立腺がんの再発診断
- 8) 前立腺がんの悪性度予測
- 9) 特殊な組織型の前立腺腫瘍のMRS
- 8. 診断の限界について
- 9. おわりに
- 3-7 子宮・卵巣のMRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 測定方法
- 3. MRSの適応
- 4. Cho
- 5. Lac
- 6. Lip
- 7. Cr
- 8. N-acetyl mucinous compounds
- 9. 膿瘍のMRS
- 10. おわりに
- 3-8 乳房のMRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 乳房MRSで観察される代謝物質
- 3. 乳房MRS:基礎編
- 1) ボクセルサイズ
- 2) シミング
- 3) シーケンス
- 4) 脂肪抑制
- 5) 水抑制
- 6) 定量化
- 4. 乳房MRS:臨床編
- 5. おわりに
- 第4章 高度な技法のMRS
- 4-1 多核種MRS
- 4-1-1 頭部の13C-MRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. なぜ,13Cが対象になるのか
- 3. 13Cにおける感度向上の試み
- 4-1-2 肝臓の13C-MRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. In vivo ヒト肝臓の13C-MRS
- 3. Glc・glycogen糖代謝測定について
- 4. 13C-MRSと採血同時測定による有用性
- 5. 測定プロトコールの一例
- 6. In vivoヒト肝臓を対象とした13C-MRSの研究
- 7. 13C-MRSの応用と今後の課題
- 4-1-3 13C以外のMRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 31P-MRS
- 3. 19F-MRS
- 4. 23Na-MRS
- 5. おわりに
- 4-2 二次元MRS
- 1. はじめに
- 2. 二次元相関スペクトロスコピー(COSY)
- 3. 二次元J分解スペクトロスコピー
- 4. 二次元constant timeスペクトロスコピー
- 5. 二次元交換スペクトロスコピー
- 6. 1H-13C HMQC,HSQCスペクトロスコピー
- 4-3 選択照射を用いるスペクトル編集法
- 1. はじめに
- 2. J変調法を用いる結合スピン系の選択測定
- 3. J変調法を用いるLacの選択測定
- 4. J変調法を用いるGABAの選択測定
- 5. MEGA法によるGABAの選択測定
- 6. 1H-13C異核種スペクトル編集法を用いるGluの観測
- 7. 磁化移動法による化学交換速度の測定
- 8. CEST法による組織内Glc濃度分布の画像化
- おわりにあたり-今後の可能性
- 著者一覧
- 索引
- 奥付
参考文献
表紙
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