Japanese

Title	都道府県単位の平均寿命別にみた国民健康・栄養調査結果における生活習慣等の推移
Subtitle	原著
Authors	西信雄*1, 北岡かおり*2, 岡見雪子*2, 近藤慶子*2, 佐田みずき*3, 門田文*2, 中村美詠子*4, 尾島俊之*4, 岡村智教*3, 由田克士*5, 三浦克之*2
Authors (kana)
Organization	*1医薬基盤・健康・栄養研究所 国立健康・栄養研究所 国際栄養情報センター, *2滋賀医科大学NCD疫学研究センター, *3慶應義塾大学医学部衛生学公衆衛生学, *4浜松医科大学健康社会医学講座, *5大阪市立大学大学院生活科学研究科食・健康科学講座公衆栄養学
Journal	日本循環器病予防学会誌
Volume	56
Number	3
Page	258-264
Year/Month	2021 / 11
Article	原著
Publisher	日本循環器病予防学会
Abstract	「要約」【目的】都道府県別の平均寿命の格差について, その要因を断面で検討した研究はいくつかあるが, 経年的に平均寿命と生活習慣等との関連を検討した研究は見当たらない. 本研究は, 日本国民を代表する標本による国民健康・栄養調査(国民栄養調査)の約20年間のデータ推移分析により, 国民の生活習慣病リスク要因の変化を生態学的研究により明らかにすることを目的とした. 【方法】国民健康・栄養調査(国民栄養調査)の1995-2016年の結果について, 1995-1997年(1期), 1999-2001年(2期), 2003-2005年(3期), 2007-2009年(4期), 2012年(5期), 2016年(6期)の14年分を分析対象とした. 2000年の平均寿命別に都道府県を4群に分類し, body mass index(BMI), 腹囲, 歩数, 現在習慣的に喫煙している者の割合, 現在飲酒者の割合, 現在飲酒者における1日あたり平均飲酒量の推移を比較した. これらの数値または割合の比較においては, 平均寿命別の4群の平均値の高低について, 平均寿命をさらに延伸させると想定される場合を健康増進性が高いとした. 分析対象は40歳から69歳とし, 2010年の10歳階級別人口に基づき年齢調整した値について, 年次推移に関する6期(腹囲と飲酒に関する調査項目については4期)と平均寿命による4群をもとに二元配置分散分析を行った. 【結果】男性のBMI, 腹囲, 歩数, 現在飲酒者における1日あたり平均飲酒量と女性の現在習慣的に喫煙している者の割合において平均寿命別の有意差がみられ, いずれも平均寿命が高い群で健康増進性が高い(または平均寿命が低い群で健康増進性が低い)数値または割合を示した. これらの調査項目については期別でも有意差がみられ, 経年的な変化にもかかわらず平均寿命と関連する可能性が示された. 【結論】国民健康・栄養調査の約20年間のデータをもとに都道府県単位の平均寿命別に生活習慣等の推移を生態学的研究により検討したところ, 男性のBMIや腹囲等, 女性の現在習慣的に喫煙している者の割合において有意差がみられた. 都道府県別の平均寿命の格差を縮小するためには, 特に平均寿命が比較的短い都道府県において生活習慣等を地域レベルで改善することが重点的課題であると考えられた.
Practice	公衆衛生学
Keywords	国民健康・栄養調査, 平均寿命, 都道府県, 生活習慣, 地域格差, 年次推移, National Health and Nutrition Survey, life expectancy, prefectures, lifestyle, regional disparity, annual change

English

Title	Lifestyle trends in the National Health and Nutrition Survey according to life expectancy by prefecture
Subtitle
Authors	Nobuo Nishi*1, Kaori Kitaoka*2, Yukiko Okami*2, Keiko Kondo*2, Mizuki Sata*3, Aya Kadota*2, Mieko Nakamura*4, Toshiyuki Ojima*4, Tomonori Okamura*3, Katsushi Yoshita*5, Katsuyuki Miura*2
Authors (kana)
Organization	*1International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, *2NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, *3Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, *4Department of Community Health & Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, *5Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University
Journal	Japanese Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Volume	56
Number	3
Page	258-264
Year/Month	2021 / 11
Article	Original article
Publisher	The Japanese Society of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Abstract	[Objective]: Some cross-sectional studies have been conducted on factors related to disparities in life expectancy by prefecture in Japan; however, no studies have been conducted on the associations between life expectancy and lifestyles over time. The present study aimed to elucidate the risk factors of lifestyle-related diseases among Japanese by ecologically analyzing trends in data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey over 20 years. [Methods]: This study used the results of the National Health and Nutrition Survey for 14 years from 1995 to 2016. The period was divided into six phases: 1995-1997 (first phase); 1999-2001 (second phase); 2003-2005 (third phase); 2007-2009 (fourth phase); 2012(fifth phase); and 2016 (sixth phase). Prefectures were categorized into four groups according to their life expectancy in 2000; trends in body rnass index (BMI), waist measurement, number of daily steps, prevalence of current smokers, prevalence of current alcohol drinkers, and average amount of daily drinks were compared according to the four prefecture groups. In the comparisons of values or proportions of these items, their highs or lows were expressed as highly health-promotive when they were supposed to increase life expectancy. The age range for analysis was 40-69 years. The values standardized to the population by 10-year age-groups in 2010 were tested by two-way analysis of variance according to the six phases (four phases for waist measurement and items on alcohol consumption) and four prefecture groups with respect to life expectancy. [Results]: Among men, statistically significant differences for life expectancy were evident for BMI, waist measurement, number of daily steps, and amount of daily drinks among current drinkers; among women, they were evident in the prevalence of current smokers. The results showed highly health-promotive trends in prefectures with higher life expectancy; they were poorly health-promotive in prefectures with lower life expectancy. With the above items, statistically significant differences were also seen by phase. Thus, those items appeared to be associated with life expectancy irrespective the changes over time. [Conclusion]: In this correlation study, from trends in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (National Nutrition Survey) data over 20 years, statistically significant differences according to life expectancy by prefecture were evident in such items as BMI and waist measurement among men and prevalence of current smokers in women. To decrease disparities in life expectancy in different prefectures, it appears necessary to improve lifestyles at the community level in prefectures with lower life expectancy.
Practice	Public Health
Keywords	National Health and Nutrition Survey, life expectancy, prefectures, lifestyle, regional disparity, annual change

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