Japanese

Title	小児クリニックを受診する子どもへの看護師のかかわりの特性 - 幼児期の子どもの採血場面を通して -
Subtitle	研究
Authors	大日方るり子*1, 野中淳子*2, 米山雅子*2
Authors (kana)
Organization	*1神奈川県立こども医療センター, *2湘南鎌倉医療大学
Journal	日本小児看護学会誌
Volume	31
Number
Page	109-117
Year/Month	2022 /
Article	報告
Publisher	日本小児看護学会
Abstract	「抄録」小児クリニックでの採血場面における看護師の幼児期の子どもへのかかわりの特性を明らかにすることを目的とした. 方法は質的記述的研究で, クリニック3施設の2歳〜6歳の子どもの採血11場面の参加観察と, 採血に携わる5名の看護師への半構造化面接を実施した. 結果, 各時間軸で経過を分析し4つのパターン ((1) ひとりでできる, (2) 一部固定, (3) 馬乗り固定, (4) 延期) に分類した. 看護師は子どもと誠実にかかわることを意識し, "親を巻き込み", "真剣な時こそ笑顔" や絶妙な言葉かけで子どもも採血に向き合えていたが, 馬乗り固定を選択した場面のかかわりでは効果はみられず, 過去の子どもの採血における嫌な体験と重なっていた. 看護師は採血前に時間的な余裕がない分, 採血後に意図的に子どもとかかわる時間をつくり, 子どもの緊張を解放するサポートを行っていたが, 子どもと親の採血前のアセスメントと肯定的な体験へと変える取り組みの必要性が示唆された.
Practice	看護学
Keywords	小児クリニック, プレパレーション, かかわりの特性, pediatric clinics, preparation, characteristics of care provided

English

Title	Characteristics of care for children provided by nurses at pediatric clinics : Care sessions for young children during blood collection
Subtitle
Authors	Ruriko Obinata*1, Junko Nonaka*2, Masako Yoneyama*2
Authors (kana)
Organization	*1Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, *2Shonan Kamakura University of Medical Sciences
Journal	Journal of Japanese Society of Child Health Nursing
Volume	31
Number
Page	109-117
Year/Month	2022 /
Article	Report
Publisher	Japanese Society of Child Health Nursing
Abstract	[Abstract] The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the care for young children provided by nurses during blood collection at pediatric clinics. A qualitative, descriptive study design was adopted, and participatory observation during 11 blood collection sessions for 2- to 6-year-old children at 3 pediatric clinics was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were employed with 5 nurses in charge of blood collection for young children. We conducted the analysis along the time axis, and as result, the approaches were classified into 4 patterns : 1) performing the procedure alone, 2) requiring partial fixation, 3) requiring fixation by sitting astride the child, and 4) postponing. The nurses focused on treating the children sincerely, "involving parents", "always with a smile", and using effective communication skills, which also helped the children face the procedure. However, such effects were not achieved when fixation by sitting astride was chosen, as it reminded the children of their past painful blood collection experiences. When the time was tight before blood collection, the nurses allocated sufficient time to release tension in the children after blood collection. The results suggest the necessity of assessing children and parents before blood collection and converting a painful blood collection experience to a positive experience.
Practice	Nursing
Keywords	pediatric clinics, preparation, characteristics of care provided

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